tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-85559240360087340522024-03-19T01:57:58.040+06:00Bangladesh UnlockedBangladesh Unlockedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00019018127951733557noreply@blogger.comBlogger355125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8555924036008734052.post-60111888108653692412021-07-07T14:55:00.004+06:002021-07-07T15:22:21.677+06:00Top ten tourist places in Bangladesh <p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://youtu.be/a45uOtCVES4" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="478" data-original-width="750" height="277" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibDxUcZB2dnRCeXsWHr0nqEkuwacnurkwBix22OA8pGqyVA_auayoxQyLdVujNAf2sR3EG2HaFhWfSnc76f0oOaREHZAd06uQw69Q7Qt4hPEbzTFr3lqST7M7vELeMep1X7WCB2-ANOeXb/w435-h277/Beautiful-Places-in-Bangladesh-1.jpg" width="435" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><p></p>Bangladesh Unlockedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00019018127951733557noreply@blogger.com19tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8555924036008734052.post-70845636537145306322020-10-12T14:07:00.003+06:002020-10-12T14:07:39.582+06:00On the road to ancient Srihatta<p> <em style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Droid Serif", serif; font-size: 14px;">Two ages-old statues found in Sylhet temple open new avenue of study</em></p><p><em style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Droid Serif", serif; font-size: 14px;"></em></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Droid Serif", serif; font-size: 14px;"><img border="0" data-original-height="719" data-original-width="1300" height="221" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiHrvI4Jncve-w9dsu0pc2KFhXL_FzNBa20fw3JPoRcALL13TkaGvJbrV4IsiSuHjOamxJDZirBMO6mkkti0hNuY3JA5cMZTdJx4cqMyXpYHgrkB70BroXGY3ELg839M9nSiJiHWpisXVq/w400-h221/ancient-srihatta1.jpg" width="400" /></em></div><em style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Droid Serif", serif; font-size: 14px;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="panel-pane pane-author no-title block" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal;"><div class="author-name margin-bottom-big" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 24px !important;"><span itemprop="name" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-family: "Droid Serif", serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; overflow: hidden; padding: 15px 0px;">Tarun Sarkar</span></div></div><div class="panel-separator" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal;"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-node-content clearfix no-title block" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal;"><article class="node node-news node-pub_fbia article odd node-full clearfix" id="node-1975861" role="article" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div class="node-content" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"><div class="field-body view-mode-full" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div class="media-shortcode pull-right padding-left-small lg-gallery" data-src="https://assetsds.cdnedge.bluemix.net/sites/default/files/styles/very_big_1/public/news/images/ancient-srihatta2_0.jpg?itok=SBeJpTYi" data-sub-html="<div class='lg-caption'>Photo: Tarun Sarker, Sagar Das Chowdhury</div>" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: table; float: right; padding-left: 15px; position: relative;"><img alt="" height="283" src="https://assetsds.cdnedge.bluemix.net/sites/default/files/styles/big_5/public/news/images/ancient-srihatta2_0.jpg?itok=bZoz2-H1" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%;" title="" width="188" /><div class="caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; caption-side: bottom; display: table-caption; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 17px;">Photo: Tarun Sarker, Sagar Das Chowdhury</div></div><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Droid Serif", serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 21px;">As per the record, Panchakhanda Basudeva Angan, a millennium-old temple in Supatala village of Sylhet's Beanibazar, housed only a Basudeva statue. </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Droid Serif", serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 21px;">Beyond public knowledge, however, two more unrecorded ancient statues are kept in the historic temple.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Droid Serif", serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 21px;">During a visit to the temple in late June, the statues of a Dhyani (meditating) Buddha and a Garudashin Vishnu (Lord Vishnu sitting or riding on Garuda, a mythical bird-like creature) were found.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Droid Serif", serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 21px;">The Basudeva statue, depicting Lord Vishnu in Samapadasthanak posture in which the feet are firmly arid squarely planted, was mentioned in various journals while the two other statues remained unheard of.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Droid Serif", serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 21px;">In Achyut Charan Choudhury's book "Srihatter Itibritta", some publications of Bangladesh Asiatic Society, and a memorandum published by the temple in 2006 state that there is only the Basudeva statue in the temple.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Droid Serif", serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 21px;">............................................</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Droid Serif", serif; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 21px;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/news/the-road-ancient-srihatta-1975861">.Click here to read the original story from The Daily Star of 11th Oct 2020 published from Dhaka, Bangladesh.</a></span></span></p><div class="mobile-adv-in-body pull-left pad-left-right-big gero-left pad-bottom-small" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: left; padding-bottom: 15px; padding-left: 0px !important; padding-right: 24px; padding-top: 0px;"><div class="dfp-tag-wrapper" id="dfp-ad-news_details_after_2nd_paragraph-wrapper" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div class="dfp-tag-wrapper" data-google-query-id="CJv6kpDMruwCFRZUjwoduBAJnw" id="dfp-ad-news_details_after_2nd_paragraph" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></div></div></div></div></div></article></div></em><p></p>Bangladesh Unlockedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00019018127951733557noreply@blogger.com8tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8555924036008734052.post-8395480520132340982020-08-28T23:12:00.004+06:002020-08-28T23:12:58.879+06:00How Chattogram narrowly missed becoming East India Company’s Bengal headquarter<div style="text-align: justify;">Had the British claimed the port city for carrying out East India Company’s operations, Chattogram might not have been what it is today</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><img height="318" src="https://tbsnews.net/sites/default/files/styles/big_2/public/images/2020/08/27/east_india_company_british_colony.jpg?itok=V73vCS9j&timestamp=1598507472" width="564" /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The East India Company convoy. Illustration: Nicholas Pocock/Wikimedia Commons</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">"The most famous and wealthy city of the Kingdom of Bengal" - these are the words Portuguese historian João de Barros used to describe Chattogram in the 16th century.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">From ancient times, this port city has been a center of attraction for the traders due to its natural harbour. No wonder that the East India Company initially wanted it as its Bengal headquarter.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Chattogram could have been the Company's Bengal headquarter, if Job Charnock had not chosen Kolkata. After all, unlike Charnock, many English agents had their eyes on the city for a long time.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">However, establishing the Bengal headquarter in Kolkata was not a simple event. In fact, a chain of events prompted it.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">For a long time, the East India Company, a British joint stock company "...headquartered in a small office, five windows wide, in London and managed in India by an unstable sociopath--Robert Clive," as described by historian William Dalrymple, had its eyes set on Bengal, the richest province in Mughal India. Bengal province or Subah Bangalah provided 50% of Mughal India's GDP so it was natural that the company felt the necessity of forming a headquarter in Bengal.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Bengal province was the wealthiest and industrially the most developed place in the world. It was known globally for producing exquisite textiles, and shipbuilding. Bengal subah was a major exporter of silk and cotton textile, steel, saltpeter (a principal ingredient of gunpowder) and agriculture and industrial produce in the world. Bengal subah's capital Jahangirnagar, modern day Dhaka, was inhabited by more than a million people. So it was natural that trading nations would be very interested to set up business in this province and try to be the exclusive traders in the region.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Unfortunately, the Mughal Emperor kept on wiping out the British agents from Bengal, time and time again.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">However, luck favoured them when Gabriel Boughton, a former surgeon of the Company, saved Emperor Jahangir's severely burnt daughter in January 1644.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">A grateful Jahangir permitted East India Company to establish a factory at Pipili, Odisha, as stated in "The Illustrated History of the British Empire in India and the East Vol 3."</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Subsequently, the company was allowed to establish factories in Balasore, Odisha and Hooghly, Bengal completely waiving customs duty when Boughton visited the capital at Rajmahal and treated another lady of the palace.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Around 1682, Emperor Aurangzeb provided a special firman to the Company to permanently do business in Bengal. However, disputes soon started to grow between the English and the governor as the parties did not exactly see eye to eye when it came to interpreting the various aspects of the Firman.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Additionally, Shaista Khan, the then-governor of Bengal, imposed an additional tax of 3.5% on the trade of the Company, notwithstanding the Firman obtained earlier. Another incident with the Faujdar of Cossimbazar eventually forced the company to leave Bengal without obtaining cargo.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">These events enraged the English and with permission from King James II, Admiral Nicholson was sent with a naval force to attack the port at Chattogram. Their plan was to make Chattogram a fort city for the Company in the eastern region.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">They assumed that if the plan was successful, the governor would abandon the city and, additionally, a peace treaty would be offered that would ensure free trade and other economic benefits for the Company.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Job Charnock's folly changed the course of history</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">In a bid to seize Chattogram, Job Charnock from the Madras division of the Company was ordered to join the expedition with 400 troops.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">But in a twist of events, the arrangement went amiss.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><img height="498" src="https://publisher.tbsnews.net/sites/default/files/styles/infograph/public/images/2020/08/27/job_charnock.jpg?itok=JApqgO-Q&timestamp=1598507490" width="550" /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Job Charnock. Photo: Collected</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Instead of landing in Chattogram, few ships from Charnock's division mistakenly showed up at Hooghly and anchored off the factory in Hooghly. They were later joined by the other troops from Madras. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Upon the arrival of such large troops, Shaista Khan got uncomfortable. He immediately offered a truce.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">However, the peace did not stay long as the truce was broken again in October 1686.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Considering Hooghly unsafe, Charnock decided to move downstream to Sutanuti - a small hamlet on the bank of the river Hooghly.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The ships required repairs and their overall situation in Bengal, too, was vulnerable. Consequently, they decided to continue to hold their current position, instead of desiring Chattogram, as Charnock now thought of it as a far-fetched dream.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Charnock and his troops, instead, pleaded for forgiveness and another peace was made at the end of 1686.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">In 1687, Shaista Khan's soldiers, however, arrived at Hooghly to drive the Company out of Bengal.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">By this time, the English realised the odds well as they were counting the cost of Charnock's lethargy in occupying Chattogram in the first place.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">With further realisation that there would be no business until they had a fort in Chattogram, In December 1688, Captain Heath was sent to attack.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">But their forays ended in failure. After all these failed attempts, the English agents decided to abandon Bengal as their trading location in the eastern region.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">However, one might wonder why they tried to conquer Chattogram so many times.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Professor Muntasir Mamoon opines, "The seaport had been famous for trading since the Portuguese settlement in Chattogram. Forming the Bengal headquarter here would have greatly benefited them."</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">He continued, "First of all, this would have given them auto access to the port. Secondly, the trade route which was till Arakan or Burma could be expanded further. Additionally, they could use some help from the Magh people and the Portuguese for defense."</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Bengal was once again open to the English when Ibrahim Khan invited Charnock after Shaista Khan's retirement. With some negotiation, Charnock returned to Sutanuti on August 24, 1690, to set up headquarters in the place he called Calcutta.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The Chattogram we have today might have looked different if any of the attacks were successful.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">It could either have been entirely wrecked or could have all the things the British built in Kolkata. It could have been the capital of British India and history would have been different.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Either way, the saga of Chattogram indeed could have been interesting had the British conquered it for their gains.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Sources used: Da Almeida, Hermione. Indian Renaissance: British Romantic Art And the Prospect of India, H E Busteed Echoes from Old Calcutta (Calcutta) 1908, Bangiya Sabarna Katha Kalishetra Kalikatah by Bhabani Roy Choudhury, Manna Publication.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/environment/news/providing-permanent-support-the-people-tanguar-haor-1945997">.</a><a href="https://tbsnews.net/feature/panorama/how-chattogram-narrowly-missed-becoming-east-india-companys-bengal-headquarter">Click here to read the original story from The Daily Star of 27th Aug 2020 published from Dhaka, Bangladesh.</a></div>Bangladesh Unlockedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00019018127951733557noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8555924036008734052.post-61724218499990714662020-08-17T23:15:00.004+06:002020-08-17T23:17:08.846+06:00Providing permanent support to the people of Tanguar Haor<div class="separator"><p style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: justify;"> <img height="139" src="https://assetsds.cdnedge.bluemix.net/sites/default/files/styles/very_big_1/public/feature/images/support-people-of-tanguar-haor.jpg?itok=8UoHWn61" width="400" /></p><div style="text-align: justify;">Same spot in Tanguar Haor photographed in April (left) and August (right) 2016. Photo: Haseeb Md Irfanullah</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://www.thedailystar.net/author/and-haseeb-md-irfanullah">Haseeb Md Irfanullah</a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">I always wanted to take two photographs of the same spot of Tanguar Haor—one in the driest month of the year and one in the wettest. I was successful in doing so in 2016. It was just remarkable to see how two-thirds of a 12,655-hectare waterbody gets dried up in Chaitra (April), but again becomes so full, like a sea, in Sraban (August), year in, year out! </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">To the readers of The Daily Star, Tanguar Haor is quite well-known as a wintering ground of a huge number of migratory water birds coming from the colder north, like China and Mongolia. In January 2019, Bangladesh Bird Club, Bangladesh Forest Department, and International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) counted about 150,000 migratory birds belonging to around 40 species—the highest count since 2012—in this wetland.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The migratory birds make our Tanguar Haor a "Wetland of International Importance". Recognising this fact, on July 10,2000, this freshwater ecosystem was designated as Bangladesh's second Ramsar Site (Our first Ramsar Site is, of course, the Sundarbans mangrove forest).</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Despite being a significant hub of global biodiversity with mesmerising scenic beauty, Tanguar Haor has a very depressing past. Since the 1930s till the end of the last century, Tanguar Haor was captured by powerful elites through leasing system that caused rampant exploitation of its fisheries resources.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Over those seven decades, Tanguar Haor became a painful example of violating people's rights. With power, money, and muscle, the leaseholders harshly stopped the poor haor-dwellers from accessing the resources of their haor. Tanguar Haor's condition deteriorated so much that in 1999 the government had to declare it an "Ecologically Critical Area" (ECA).</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "droid serif", serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 21px; text-align: justify;">2001 was a significant year for Tanguar Haor—the harmful leasing was stopped and, from the Ministry of Land, the management of the wetland was brought under the then Ministry of Environment and Forests. A couple of years later, the government put its resources, through Sunamganj district administration, to guard and to protect Tanguar Haor, which continued until the end of 2006.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "droid serif", serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 21px; text-align: justify;">The National Conservation Strategy Implementation Project in the mid-1990s was the first-ever conservation initiative in Tanguar Haor undertaken by the government. But it was the "Community Based Sustainable Management of Tanguar Haor" project (Tanguar Haor Project), which began a new era of conserving Tanguar Haor.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "droid serif", serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 21px; text-align: justify;">In December 2006, the Ministry of Environment and Forests started this three-phase project with technical support from IUCN and financial support from the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC). Other national and international NGOs, namely BELA, CNRS, ERA, GUS, and HELVETAS, also got involved in this initiative. That project came to an end in August 2016.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "droid serif", serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 21px; text-align: justify;">Over a decade, a number of major changes were seen in Tanguar Haor. A people-centric system was introduced to sustainably manage Tanguar Haor. There was a three-tier community organisation—at village, union and haor levels—and an inclusive supporting authority led by the district administration.</p></div><div style="text-align: justify;">.........................</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/environment/news/providing-permanent-support-the-people-tanguar-haor-1945997" style="background-color: yellow; text-align: left;">Click here to read the original story from The Daily Star of 17th Aug 2020 published from Dhaka, Bangladesh.</a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></div>Bangladesh Unlockedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00019018127951733557noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8555924036008734052.post-50532894355667108102020-07-24T16:48:00.000+06:002020-07-24T16:50:09.485+06:00In search of a millenium-old higher-learning centre<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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A photograph of The Paschimbagh copperplate inscription, whreabouts of which are currrently unknown. Photo: Courtesy</div>
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Archaeology department to start looking for Chandrapur; historians say it hosted an educational complex with nine mathas</em></h2>
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Ancient Bengal was a land of knowledge where institutional education flourished through vihara (monastery), mahavihara (monastic complex of viharas) and matha (cloister, institute or college). Thousand-year-old heritages like Nalanda, Shalban, Somapura, Vikramshila, Jagaddala and many others stand tall as a testament to our glorious past.</div>
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These ancient higher-learning institutions eventually laid the foundation of what later came to be known as universities.</div>
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Srihatta (present day Sylhet division) is home to such an institution, which is older than Jagaddala, as disciplined as Nalanda and was built in the early 10th century, according to historians.</div>
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King Srichandra of Chandra dynasty of south-eastern Bengal patronised constructing nine mathas at Chandrapur of Srihatta.</div>
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Details of these mathas were inscribed in a copperplate grant (historical legal records engraved on copper plates) found in Paschimbhag of Rajnagar upazila in Moulvibazar in 1958, which was later decoded and translated.</div>
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And after 62 years of this historical finding, the Department of Archaeology is all set to explore and excavate the long-lost heritage of the land, which lies beneath the ground -- once known as Chandrapur.</div>
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CHANDRAPUR, 9 MATHAS, CONCEPT OF UNIVERSITY</h2>
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Following his study and research, Kamalakanta Gupta believed that Chandrapur was a town in the Chandrapura Vishaya (subdivision) of Srihattamandala or Srihatta and the vishayapati (ruler) used to live there and the mathas were situated in the town.</div>
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The Chandra dynasty was of Buddhist monarchy and most Buddhist kings granted land for vihara in the name of Buddha.</div>
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Srichandra granted all land in the name of Buddha; these lands were granted to Brahmans and mostly to study Brahmanya (devoted to sacred knowledge) based on Chaturveda (collection of religious texts).</div>
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As a Buddhist monarch, he included only the grammar of Chandragomin and the main matha's upadhyaya was the teacher, as mentioned in the inscription, decoded by historians.</div>
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"The inscription and all the evidence lead us to believe that there was a large educational institute in the land, which was mainly a religious education centre, like Nalanda or Odantapuri," said Dr Zafir Setu.</div>
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"The educational concept, the land grant structure based on the level of labour distribution of around 25 types of professionals point that this was a planned and disciplined institute -- functioning almost like a modern university," he added.</div>
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"It makes me wonder how such an institution could be forgotten from history," he said.</div>
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WHERE IS CHANDRAPUR?</h2>
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Many say the place is situated in the Dighirpar area of Juri upazila in Moulvibazar. The archaeology department is planning to start their survey works from the spot.</div>
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Historians, however, never agreed on a specific spot till to date.</div>
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According to the "Paschimbhag Copperplate", Chandrapur Vishaya was bounded by the Mani-Nadi (present day Monu river) in the south, Kosiyara-Nadi (present day Kushiyara river) in the north, large Kouttali in the east and Jangakhataka-Kastanyakhataka-Betraghanginadi in the west.</div>
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Kalamakanta Gupta believed that the Kouttali is a large garh or fort in the east and the west's Betraghanginadi is present day Ghungi river and he always gave emphasis to the original location where the copperplate was found.</div>
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Writer and researcher Prof Nripendralal Das said, "There are many possibilities where the town and the educational institute might be."</div>
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"The copperplate was found in Rajnagar upazila but there are many other places nearby like Nidhanpur or Kalapur where copperplates of other dynasties were found. It proves that the land holds many histories and mysteries, waiting to be unearthed."</div>
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SEARCH FOR CHANDRAPUR BEGINS FINALLY</h2>
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On July 15, the archaeology department asked the regional director of Sylhet-Chattogram to look into the matter and file a detailed report after visiting the possible location at Juri upazila in Moulvibazar.</div>
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The regional director said, "Following the instruction, I've already started studying about the matter and am very excited to look for the historical educational institute."</div>
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Hannan Miah, director general of the department said, "If we find the heritage, it could be one of the greatest archaeological findings of recent decades in the country. Now, we're planning for research and survey at the first phase; if the result is promising, we will start a large scale excavation soon." </div>
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<span style="color: yellow; font-family: "droid" serif , serif;"><a href="https://www.thedailystar.net/city/news/search-millenium-old-higher-learning-centre-1935289" style="background-color: yellow;">Click here to read the original story from The Daily Star of 24th Jul 2020 published from Dhaka, Bangladesh.</a></span></div>
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Bangladesh Unlockedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00019018127951733557noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8555924036008734052.post-59818613546052036302020-06-25T18:29:00.001+06:002020-06-25T18:31:06.386+06:00Into the nuances of history: The Battle of Plassey<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "droid serif", serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">Sudeep Chakravarti is an eminent commentator and author whose narrative non-fiction and fiction have been translated into Bangla, Hindi, Spanish, Portuguese, German and more. In January 2020, his book—</span><em style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "droid serif", serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">Plassey: The Battle That Changed the Course of Indian History</em><span style="font-family: "droid serif", serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;"> (Aleph Book Company, India)—sought to parse through the history and the myths surrounding the topic. This week we brought together the author and our Commercial Supplements Editor Shamsuddoza Sajen to discuss the book and the battle, fought 263 years ago on June 23.</span><br />
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 800;">Shamsuddoza Sajen (TDS): Why did the British want to capture the throne of Bengal? Was the Battle of Plassey inevitable?</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 800;">Sudeep Chakravarti: </span>Bengal was a major Asian trade hub. Here cottons and silks were legendary, there was jute, lac, saltpetre for making gunpowder and preserving foods. Finance was relatively easy. The rivers and waterways ensured excellent transportation and communication networks. And Bengal was rich: its revenues helped to sustain Mughal coffers and armies. Even with the disintegration of the Mughal Empire, both French and British Company sources verify as to how Bengal sustained their Indian trade. The</div>
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British East India Company couldn't afford to lose Bengal, and they couldn't afford French</div>
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ascendancy in Bengal and India either. Siraj and the French were both perceived as great threats. The British wanted both to be removed from the chessboard.</div>
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A make-or-break conflict with Siraj-ud-daulah became a priority for John Company in early 1757. Robert Clive and Charles Watson had already helped recover Calcutta from Siraj's forces in January. Meanwhile, the Seven Years' War was breaking out in Europe, in which Britain and France were the main combatants. That hostility carried over to Bengal, and weakened the so-called 'Neutrality of the Ganges', a tenuous understanding by which Europeans attempted to insulate the Bengal trade. When Siraj's outreach to the French began to increase from February, the die was cast.</div>
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First the French settlement of Chandannagar north of Calcutta was attacked and destroyed by the British in March 1757. The elites of Murshidabad who had meanwhile been conspiring against Siraj now formally conspired with John Company against the nawab. The stage was set for what came to be called the Battle of Plassey, fought on June 23, 1757. But the outcome of the battle was far from certain. Indeed, despite his bravado Clive was a nervous wreck, and Company officials in Calcutta were fully prepared to dump Clive if the gambit went wrong—and Clive knew it! It's all in my book.</div>
<b><a href="https://www.thedailystar.net/book-reviews/news/the-nuances-history-the-battle-plassey-1919917"><span style="color: #0b5394;">Click here to read the original story from The Daily Star of 25th June 2020 published from Dhaka, Bangladesh.</span></a></b></div>
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Bangladesh Unlockedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00019018127951733557noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8555924036008734052.post-90447885804609560822020-03-26T10:13:00.001+06:002020-03-26T10:15:33.949+06:00FELIDAE Cats <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Panthera pardus (Linnaeus, 1758) Synonym: Felis pardus Linnaeus, 1758. English name: Leopard. </div>
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<b>Local names</b>: Chitabagh, Goolbagh, Gechobagh, Lamchita. </div>
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<b>Description</b>: A typical Panther from the Indian peninsula is a sleek short-haired animal. A large, powerfully built cat, with an elongated body, a long tail, and short, stout legs. Head is rather small and convex. Ears rounded, backside black, with a conspicuous white spot. Coat above is short and soft. Colour: general ground-colour of upper side bright, but varying a little in intensity from nearly golden to ochreous or orange-tawny, darker on back than on flanks. There are many solid black spots on head and for a short distance behind it, on outer side of limbs and on belly, which is heavily spotted, but elsewhere in body pattern of black spots mostly consists of definite rosettes which appear to result from coalescence of four or five small solid spots to form definite but irregularly shaped rings surrounding an area of darker tint. A fulvous or bright fulvous coat marked with small close-set black rosettes. Rosettes on mid-dorsal and loins are more elongated and show a tendency to run in longitudinal stripe-like lines. On the tail the pattern is less regular and less rosettes-like, individual rosettes being coalesced towards the end above, whereas the underside is almost unspotted. Underparts and the inner side of limbs are white. Melanistic or black panthers are also known. It is a genetic error, called melanism, that lets these animals appear black, while the animal actually is not simply black, but extremely dark in colour. If anybody carefully checks the coat of melanistic leopards, he will discover that it is more brownish than black and the rosettes-and spots-pattern still can be seen. As a very general rule, a leopard is either black or normally coloured, and cubs of the two types will be found in the same litter. Size: head-body length 160 cm; tail 100 cm; hind foot 20-27 cm (Pocock, 1939; Prater, 1980; Ghosh, 1994). </div>
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<b>Habits</b>: Being more tolerant of the sun they frequently hunt by day, particularly if they have failed to secure food at night. The Panther kill and eat anything it can overpower safely including cattle, deer, hare, wild boar, langur and monkeys, the smaller beasts of prey, and larger rodents, like porcupines. Panthers living near human settlement, particularly outside forest areas, prey mainly domestic animals, calves, sheep, and goats; on ponies and donkeys, and quite commonly on dogs. It seizes its quarry from the ground or leaps on it from a height such as an overhanging branch (Prater, 1980; Arivazhagan et al., 2007). The most typical vocal communication among leopards would be the 'sawing', which sounds much like law-a-haw-ahaw', hence as if someone would be sawing a piece of wood. This soiund tends to occur early in the morning and shortly before dawn, apparently when the animal is moving. Leopards also use a wide range of facial expressions and body postures to communicate with each other, which are of importance in interaction and cooperation within a young family as well as in territorial issues. For tactile communication they perform the cattypical social licking and head rubbing (Estes, 1991; Fumagalli, 2008). Breed all the year round. In captivity, female produces the first litter when 21/2 to 4 years of age. Gestation period varies from 87 to 94 days. Normally 2 cubs per litter are born, occasionally 3 or 4. Eyes open between the 4th and 8th day after birth. Weaned at about 4 months. (Prater 1980). The females of this species tend to take care of the young but there have been reports of males helping the nursing mother and child, by bringing them kills for example (Guggisberg, 1975). Habitat: Panthers are able to live and thrive almost anywhere. They are not restricted to forests or heavy cover and thrive as well in open country as among rocks and scrub. </div>
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<b>Distribution</b>: Occurs in mixed evergreen forests in Bangladesh (IUCN Bangladesh, 2003). The leopard is found across most of sub-Saharan Africa, as. remnant populations in North Africa, and then in the Arabian peninsula and Sinai/Judean Desert (Egypt/Israel/Jordan), south-western and eastern Turkey, and through Southwest Asia and the Caucasus into the Himalayan foothills, India, China, and the Russian Far East, as well as on the islands of Java and Sri Lanka (Nowell and Jackson 1996; Sunquist and Sunquist, 2002). Out of nine subspecies, Panthera pardus fusca occurs in the Indian subcontinent. </div>
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<b>Status</b>: A Critically Endangered species in Bangladesh (IUCN Bangladesh, 2003). Included on CITES Appendix I. Classified as Near Threatened (NT) on IUCN Red List (Breitenmoser et al., 2008). Protected in Bangladesh by Schedule 1 of Bangladesh Wildlife (Preservation) (Amendment) Act, 1974. </div>
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Remarks: Greek leopardos, from leon = lion; pardos = male panther. The animal was thought in ancient times to be a hybrid of these two species. In Bangladesh, leopards are feared for their attacks on people. </div>
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[Ghazi S M Asmat] </div>
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<span style="color: yellow;">Copy from</span></div>
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<span style="color: yellow;">Encyclopedia of flora and fauna of Bangladesh</span></div>
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Bangladesh Unlockedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00019018127951733557noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8555924036008734052.post-9027541906067312672020-03-20T12:43:00.002+06:002020-03-20T12:43:25.019+06:00Pyramid-shaped stupa sheds new light on our rich past<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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The site of the 1,000-year-old Buddhist stupa discovered by archaeologists in Nateshwar. </div>
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For the first time, a group of archaeologists have unearthed a pyramid-shaped stupa in the country.</div>
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The discovery was made at the Nateshwar archaeological site in Bikrampur. Archaeologists deduce the stupa to be from 780-950 AD, following carbon-14 dating from an American lab.</div>
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This rare pyramid-shaped stupa is not only markedly different from the usual egg-shaped variety of the Buddhist religious monuments, but also carries deep significance for understanding the region's history.</div>
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On top of this, the 44X44m stupa, which is almost 2,000 square metre in area, is Bangladesh's largest stupa, comparable in size to the globally exalted great stupas of Sanchi, Bharhut, Amaravati, Sarnath and more.</div>
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The above came to light following an almost complete uncovering of the structure's southern wing from excavations made this year.</div>
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Dr Sufi Mustafizur Rahman, professor of archaeology at Jahangirnagar University, who is the research director of this project, and Dr Nuh-ul-Alam Lenin, chairperson of Agrasar Bikrampur Foundation and director of the excavation project, unveiled the information at a press conference.</div>
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The briefing was held at Nateshwar excavation site in Munshiganj's Tongibari upazila on Wednesday, said a press release signed by the two. This excavation and research project, which started in 2010, is being supervised by Bikrampur Foundation.</div>
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Nateshwar archaeological site bears witness to the Bengal region's thousand-year-old history. Ranging from biological remains of flora and fauna, to terracotta, metal and stone artefacts and unique architecture, the archaeological findings also paint the picture of an ancient civilisation that once dwelled on this land.</div>
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While this year's excavation uncovered the 44m wide southern wing of the stupa, digging for the past two years yielded parts of the northern and eastern wings.</div>
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But what makes the excavation of the southern wing important is that it sheds light on the shape of the structure and reveals critical clues about the architecture, such as wall length and area of the central terrace.</div>
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Additionally, this discovery helps put into perspective the timeline of the area.</div>
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After carbon-14 dating, two time periods of the Nateshwar Buddhist locale has been found. The first one dates from 780 to 950 AD, starting from the Deva dynasty (750-800 AD) and lasting till the early years of the Chandra dynasty rule (900-1050 AD).</div>
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The second period stretches from 950 to 1223 AD, spanning rules by Chandra, Varman, and Sena dynasties. According to some copper-plates (tamra-shasana), Bikrampur served as the capital of these three dynasties, the press release added.</div>
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Chronologically, this stupa dates before the time of Buddhist scholar Atish Dipankar Srigyan and is believed to be a part of ancient capital city of Bikrampur, referenced in writings by Atish Dipankar as well as Chinese historian Nacuo Cuichengjiewa.</div>
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The archaeologists and researchers hope this discovery of a rare pyramid-shaped stupa will attract the eyes of tourists the world over. Not just this stupa, from 2013 to 2019, around 6,000sqkm area was excavated and many significant cultural artefacts were discovered at the site, they added.</div>
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The archaeological site of Nateshwar has the potential to become a centre of Buddhist culture in South Asia. There is also a temple made of brick, three octagonal stupas with mandap, 51-metre long brick roads, multiple rooms and hall rooms, and entryway.</div>
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In light of the numerous discoveries made in the area, Nateshwar is on the process of being announced a Unesco World Heritage Site, Prof Sufi told The Daily Star yesterday.</div>
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Before this, Bikrampur Foundation ran another project at Rampal union's Raghurampur village (ancient name "Bajrayogini") from 2010 to 2013.</div>
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<a href="https://www.thedailystar.net/city/news/pyramid-shaped-stupa-sheds-new-light-our-rich-past-1883179"><span style="color: yellow;">Click here to read the original story from The Daily Star of 20th March, 2020 published from Dhaka, Bangladesh.</span></a></div>
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Bangladesh Unlockedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00019018127951733557noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8555924036008734052.post-89315435653859058802020-01-20T22:37:00.000+06:002020-01-20T22:37:08.838+06:00Rose Garden: A history of passion and pride<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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At Kamini Mohan (K.M.) Das Lane in Tikatuli of Old Dhaka, there lies a majestic mansion called “Rose Garden”. Interestingly, it was built to host parties by one of the prominent zamindars of Dhaka, named Hrishikesh Das. He built the Rose Garden in 1931 on a 22-bigha plot along with a famous garden that had various species of rare roses. Thus the compound earned the name “Rose Garden”. The central piece of the garden is the elegant building. </div>
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The story of Hrishikesh Das</div>
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In the early 1900s, Hrishikesh Das became one of the distinguished zamindars in Dhaka. He had his residence in the area known as Hrishikesh Das Road (at present near Tanti Bazar). He led a lavish lifestyle and had a knack for lofty things. During that time, “Baldha Garden” was the place for socialites to mingle. It became an important element of the social life of the city’s wealthier Hindus as most of the jalshas (parties) were arranged there. Unfortunately, as a member of the lower caste, Hrishikesh was not welcomed.</div>
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Rumour has it that while attending one of those parties, he was insulted for being a lower caste. Reportedly, the insult came from none other than the famous Narendra Narayan Roy Chaudhury who was the landlord of the estate of Baldha and owner of the Baldha Garden. That incident offended Hrishikesh Das in such a terrible way that he decided to build his own garden which would eclipse the Baldha Garden. Hence, he went on to build one of the most beautiful buildings with a garden, which we now know as the Rose Garden.</div>
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⦁<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span> * * * * *</div>
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This historic building was the site where the East Pakistan Awami Muslim League was formed on June 2, 1949. The word Muslim was dropped from the name of the party in 1953. The premises was declared a heritage site by the Department of Archaeology on 21st December, 1989. The property has been acquired by the Government of Bangladesh by paying lawful compensation to the present owners in August, 2018 to convert it into a museum.</div>
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<a href="https://www.thedailystar.net/in-focus/news/rose-garden-history-passion-and-pride-1856287">Click here to read the original story from The Daily Star of 20th January, 2020 published from Dhaka, Bangladesh.</a><br />
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Bangladesh Unlockedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00019018127951733557noreply@blogger.com8tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8555924036008734052.post-45552345044013024262019-09-16T12:48:00.001+06:002019-09-16T12:51:19.302+06:00Bengal through Chinese eyes<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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A 15th century account of Bengal by the famous Chinese traveller Ma Huan</div>
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Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty, hanging scroll, ink and color on silk, 220 x 150 cm. Located at the National Palace Museum, Taibei. Chengzu is commonly called the Yung-lo Emperor. This picture shows him sitting in the ‘Dragon’ chair. He ordered Cheng Ho to go as envoy to the kingdoms in the India Ocean including Bengal.</div>
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The following account of Ma Huan was written at the commencement of the fifteenth century. It is a chapter taken from a work, bearing the title Ying-yai-sheng-lan (a general account of the shores of the ocean) compiled by Ma Huan who was an interpreter attached to the suite of Cheng Ho who was sent to the various kingdoms of the Indian Ocean by the Chinese Emperor Yung-lo. This account was translated by Geo. Phillips. The translation was originally published in The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland in its July 1895 issue. The object of the expedition was that the Emperor feared that Hui-ti, his predecessor, whom he had driven out of the throne, was concealing himself in some country over the sea; he wanted to trace him, and at the same time display his military force in foreign countries, in order to show that China was rich and strong. In 1413 Ma Huan accompanied Admiral Chengo Ho, along with the other interpreter Guo Chongli, on the fourth voyage which took the fleet for the first time to Hormuz. After that, he went on the voyage during 1421-23 and on the last voyage in 1431-33 when he journeyed to Mecca with the mission. During these three voyages the Chinese missions came to Bengal and Ma Huan acquired first-hand knowledge about the country. Back in 1416, he had prepared the first draft of his work along with a foreword. It was given its final form in 1433. His colleague Guo Chongli could print the book only in 1451, as the foreword of that year by the imperial clerk Gu Po testifies.</div>
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<a href="https://www.thedailystar.net/in-focus/news/bengal-through-chinese-eyes-1800421">More details</a></div>
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Bangladesh Unlockedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00019018127951733557noreply@blogger.com12tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8555924036008734052.post-34054741398100179082019-09-08T11:56:00.001+06:002019-09-08T12:02:47.472+06:00The Food Ranger’s gastronomic adventures in Dhaka<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Earlier this year, globally renowned vlogger Trevor James aka The Food Ranger visited Dhaka, exploring the city’s culinary gems. To no one’s surprise, videos featuring his food outings in Dhaka took social media by storm. After all, Trevor and his videos are immensely popular -- having travelled and filmed gastronomic adventures in many parts of the globe. In an exclusive interview with The Daily Star, the Canadian globetrotter and food connoisseur currently based in China, spoke about his Bangladesh trip and how he now reflects back on Dhaka. </div>
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What were your expectations when you were planning the Dhaka trip?</div>
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Trevor: Before landing in Dhaka, I wasn’t sure what to expect. I was curious about Dhaka and Bangladesh and didn’t really know what it would be like. I also wasn’t too sure about what the food would be like but was looking forward to tasting the local cuisine.</div>
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Before arriving, to be honest, I didn’t really feel it would be much different from other countries in the region. After exploring the streets and trying out food at local restaurants, I was completely blown away!</div>
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Having tasted food in so many cities, where do you put Dhaka on the culinary map? What’s unique about this city?</div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 800;">Trevor:</span> To me, it was all about the incredible variety of spices and the vast array of fish dishes to try, and of course the flavour of mustard! After having the bhorta and fish dishes, I was taken aback by the intense and delightful flavours. Food-wise, Dhaka is definitely one of the favourite cities I’ve visited.</div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 800;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">If you have to pick just one dish from Dhaka, what would that be?</em></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 800;">TREVOR:</span> That’s a tough call! But trying out bhorta for the first time at Nirob Hotel was an unforgettable experience. It made me realise how incredibly complex and delicious food in Dhaka is.</div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 800;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">In the videos you shot in Dhaka, you’re frequently heard referring to people as “Mama”…how did that come about?</em></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 800;">TREVOR: </span>My friend Shimon, who was showing us around Dhaka, told me I could respond to people with “thank you, mama”. I tried it a few times and found that everyone reacted in a very positive way. So, I kept saying it more and more, and pretty soon it was part of all the videos we filmed!</div>
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What kind of vibe did you get from Dhaka while filming? How do you, and your wife and videographer Ting, reflect upon the trip?</div>
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TREVOR: I found Dhaka to be a really cool city -- modern in certain areas and traditional in others. We loved exploring the bustling back alleys of Puran Dhaka as well as the modern areas of Gulshan and checked out some of the trendy restaurants there too.</div>
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There were some areas that were so busy and crowded… for me that’s what made it so exciting because I love to capture lots of energy and action on camera.</div>
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We thoroughly enjoyed our rickshaw ride around Puran Dhaka. It was almost relaxing in a way to sit down, elevated above the foot traffic, watching the street scene and looking out for delicious food to try.</div>
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Moreover, we had no idea that we would be barely asked to pay for things. We would insist on paying, but to no avail.</div>
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Canadians are known to be polite, but I had no idea hospitality like what we experienced in Dhaka, exists.</div>
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My wife Ting fell in love with Bangladesh too. She was unsure about what to expect. Your country may not be that prominent on the tourism trail at the moment, but after leaving the airport and walking around, she kept saying how cool Bangladesh is and how safe she felt.</div>
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You also visited Chattogram. What was the culinary experience like in the port city?</div>
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TREVOR: The mezbani beef was unreal! The huge pots of beef curry over wood fire were a sight to behold!</div>
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Next time we come back, we want to visit Sylhet and also go down to Mawa Ghat to try ilish fried in mustard oil. We fell in love with Bangladesh and can’t wait to revisit!</div>
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Source <a href="https://www.thedailystar.net/city/adventures-in-dhaka-the-food-rangers-gastronomic-experience-1796710"><span style="color: yellow;">Link</span></a></div>
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Bangladesh Unlockedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00019018127951733557noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8555924036008734052.post-89898172582340654892019-08-31T11:57:00.000+06:002019-08-31T11:57:13.920+06:00Dendrocygna bicolour<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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014. Dendrocygna bicolour (Vieillot, 1816) Synonym: Anse' r bicolor Vieillot, 1816</div>
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English name: Fulvous Whistling Duck (Fulvous Treeduck, Large Whistling Teal) </div>
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Bangla name: Raj Shorali, Bada Sharal (SA)</div>
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<b>Description</b>: The Fulvous Whistling Duck is a bright fulvous duck with a prominent white rump-band (length 51 cm, weight 700 g, wing 22 cm, </div>
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bill 4.7 cm, tarsus 5.8 cm, tail 5.5 cm). It has brownish-black upperparts and chestnut to cinnamon underparts. Its head is rufous-orange with a dark rufous-brown crown. It has a dark black line down its hind-neck and dark streaks on its fore-neck. Its flank has prominent whitish streaks and rump has a the tundra of Siberia in the summer. The nest is made of plant materials and down. The female lays 3-6 pale brown eggs. The female alone incubates. Incubation takes 22-28 days.</div>
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<b>Distribution</b>: It is a vagrant to Bangladesh. There is one sighting in the winter in a river in Dhaka Division. Its global range extends through North America, Europe and Asia. </div>
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<b>Status</b>: It is not considered a globally threatened bird. It is not protected by the Bangladesh Wildlife Preservation Act. </div>
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<b>Miscellaneous</b>: The scientific name Anser albifrons means a white-fronted goose (Latin: anser = a goose, albus = white, frons = the forehead).</div>
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<span style="color: yellow;">Encyclopedia of flora and fauna of Bangladesh -</span><b style="color: yellow; text-align: left;">BIRDS-</b><span style="color: yellow;">Volume 26- Page: 14-15.</span></div>
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Bangladesh Unlockedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00019018127951733557noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8555924036008734052.post-40680244611008711762019-08-13T20:18:00.001+06:002019-08-13T20:18:27.468+06:00Elephas maximus Linnaeus, 1758<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b>Synonyms</b>: Elephas maximus Holmre, </div>
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1766; Elephas indicus Kelaart, 1852; </div>
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Elephas sumatranus Schlgel 1861. </div>
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English names: Asian Elephant, Indian Elephant. Local names: Hati, Hosti, Oirabot. </div>
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<b>Description</b>: Largest and haviest land mammal of Bangladesh, with long trunk and very broad ears. Looks grey with thick loose, sparsely covered hairy skin. Male larger than female. Long trunk, sail-like ears that make it an easily recognized animal. Head very large, neck short, body bulky. Limbs thick and very straight and are about equal in length (Finn,1999). Double-domed forehead and ears triangular (Menon, 2003). Eyes tiny but vision keen. Nostril and upper lip elongated into a proboscis, which is powerful and sensitive organ specialised as prehensile, food gathering structure. Ers large, triangular; skin thick and loose, sparsely covered with hairs. The niale elephant has modified incisor teeth known as tusks while the females have small dental protuberance known as tusks. The tusk may grow up to 1.8 m and a pair may weigh 72-73 kg (Prater, 1971). Tusk may have up to 27 ridges across the crown (Khan, 1985). </div>
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Upper incisors in male protrude from the mouth on either side of the trun as tusks. Tail includes a row of long coarse hairs before behind and around the tip. Tail comparatively short with tassel of bristles (Kabir, 2002). Legs pillar-like . All the five toes jointed into cine pad , but the circular sole on soft padded, and palm each has 4 and 5 nails respectively (Khan, 1985). Some males, known as makhnas, are tuskless and are distinguished from adult females by the penis that bulges under the tail. Colour: deep grey. Size: length 6.5 m, shoulder height 2.4-2.7 m and weight 3 tones (Menon, 2003). </div>
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<b>Habits</b>: A social animal and found in herds of 5-60 or more with closely relates individuals e.g., a mature bull, a number of cows and calves, and some younger bulls. The females and young are gregarious in habit, but the males are often solitary. Fond of bathing and wallowing during the hot weather and often take up dust etc., to cover their back while exposed to the sun. They also squirt water over themselves with the help of the trunk. They are restless, but remain quiet during the mid day. Migrate over along distances in search of food and water, or for security. Use the same forest corridors for many hundreds of years. If their corridor is blocked they enter human settlements. Feeds on grasses, banana plants, bamboo, tree barks, leaves, fruits, flowers, grass and other vegetations and also raid crops. Elephants use their dextrous trunk to pluck at grasses and pass them into their mouths, the aver_age daily intake of food is about 150 kg of vegetation (Animal Diversity Web, 2009). They need 80-200 litres of water a day. It produces sound with deep oonks by its trunk (Khan, 2008). The elephants breed mainly between March and June (Khan, 2008). The bull reaches sexual maturity at the age of 15, while cows mature earlier. The cow at the age of 9-15 years gives birth usually to a single young after a gestation period of 22 months. Twins are rare. The newborn, which may be 0.9 m tall weighing about 90 kg grows rapidly (Kabir, 2002; Menon, 2003). The calf runs under its mother's body when quite small. The calf starts to eat grass when 6 months of age. Males have home ranges of about 15 sq km, and herds of females of about 30 sq km (larger in the dry season). When a The cow at the age of 9-15 years gives birth usually to a single young after a gestation period of 22 months. Twins are rare. The newborn, which may be 0.9 m tall weighing about 90 kg grows rapidly (Kabir, 2002; Menon, 2003). The calf runs under its mother's body when quite small. The calf starts to eat grass when 6 months of age. Males have home ranges of about 15 sq km, and herds of females of about 30 sq km (larger in the dry season). When a potential predator such as a lion or tiger threatens a calf, the adults form a defensive circle with the calf in the middle. Adult elephants are probably not susceptible to predation by any species other than humans. The Asian Elephant may live as long as 70 years. </div>
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<b>Habitat</b>: Inhabits mixed deciduous forests and adjacent villages, evergreen, semi-evergreen forests, scrubs, tea states, grasslands, marshes, savannas and lowlands. </div>
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<b>Distribution</b>: In Bangladesh the species occurs in mixed evergreen forests of Southeast and Northeast Bangladesh including Chittagong, Cox's Bazar, Teknaf Penninsula and the Chittagong Hill Tracts. It also lives n deciduous forests and adjacent villages in the northern border of Bangladesh. Although once elephants were found in the forests of Sylhet and Madhupur, now in Bangladesh they are available only in certain areas of Chittagong and the Chittagong Hill Tracts. Occasionally wild elephants from Indian territory enter in Balijpur and Durgaptl:F areas of Mymensingh, and Patharika areas of Sy,ett (Kabir, 2002). Its range extends through India Sri\ Lanka, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia and China (extinct in the wild), Brunei, Bhutan to Southeast Asia (Asmat and Hannan, 2007). Asian elephants were formerly widely distributed south of the Himalayas, throughout Southeast Asia, and in China as far north as the Yangtze River (Animal Diversity Web, 2008).</div>
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Bangladesh Unlockedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00019018127951733557noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8555924036008734052.post-33541722603183834132019-07-17T13:25:00.001+06:002019-07-17T13:25:04.615+06:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Tiger Tours Limited (TTL) and Meet Greet and Assist (MGA), a Partnership Company have signed a Memorandum of Understanding today, Wednesday the 17th July, 2019 at TTL office at House#6, RD#7, Niketan, Block-C Dhaka 1212. They will jointly promote INBOUND & DOMESTIC tourism in Bangladesh. The MoU includes special focus on river cruises using Tiger Tours' purpose built luxurious vessel MV TANGUAR HAOR.</div>
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The agreement was signed by Group Captain (Retd) Mohammad Salimullah, Managing Partner, MGA and Mr.Abdul-Muyeed Chowdhury Founder & CEO of TTL.</div>
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Bangladesh Unlockedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00019018127951733557noreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8555924036008734052.post-69023363101829967372019-07-11T12:40:00.001+06:002019-07-11T12:42:44.843+06:00Gallus gallus (Linnaeus, 1758) <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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009. <b>Synonym</b>: Phasianus gallus Linnaeus, 1758 English name: Red Junglefowl</div>
<b>Bangla name</b>: Lal Bonmurgi, Bon Morog (Act)<br />
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<b>Description:</b> The Red Junglefowl is a terrestrial bird whose male is very vocal in all seasons (length 57 cm, weight 1 kg, wing 20.5 cm, bill 2 cm, tarsus 7.5 cm, tail 24.7 cm). Its male differs from the </div>
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crown. It has a light rufous-brown underpart streaked with buff. Its irises are brown, comb is crimson, bill has a yellowish base and the rest is like that of the male. Both sexes have slaty-brown legs, feet and claws. Of the 5 known sub-species, G g. murghi occurs in Bangladesh. Red Junglefowl, male </div>
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<b>Habit</b>: It inhabits all forests and bamboo thickets. It is usually seen alone or in small family parties. It forages by walking and pecking on the ground. It feeds on grains, shoots of grass, crops, fruits, worms female. The male has deep orange-red upperparts with golden-yellow hackles across the nape and mantle. It has a greenish-black tail with sickle-shaped long central feathers. Its underparts are blackish-brown. It has a led comb and wattle respectively above and below the bill, orange-red irises, and brown bill with a reddish base. The female has a chestnut forehead and a dull-rufous </div>
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and insects. It is more active at dawn and dusk. Its male has a characteristic loud call: cock-a-doodle-doo. It breeds in January-October. The courtship display of the male includes fluffing of feathers and strutting around the hen. It nests on the ground covered by dense undergrowth. The nest is a scrape on the ground lined with grasses and leaves. The female lays 5-6 eggs, 4.5 x 3.4 cm each. The eggs are pale buff to pale reddish-brown. The female alone incubates. Incubation takes 20-21 days. The chicks leave the nest immediately after hatching and feed on their own. </div>
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<b>Distribution</b>: It is a common resident of Bangladesh. It occurs in all forests of Chittagong, Dhaka, Khulna and Sylhet Divisions. Its global range is restricted to Asia and includes India, Nepal, Bhutan, the Maldives, Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. </div>
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<b>Status</b>: It is not considered a globally threatened bird, nor it is so in Bangladesh. It is protected by the Bangladesh Wildlife Preservation Act. </div>
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<b>Miscellaneous</b>: The scientific name Gallus means a cock (Latin: gallus = farmyard cock). It is the wild ancestor of all domestic fowls. </div>
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Bangladesh Unlockedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00019018127951733557noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8555924036008734052.post-43516200324355558312019-06-29T14:25:00.001+06:002019-06-29T14:25:06.469+06:00Rufous throated partridge of Bangladesh<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="text-align: justify;">008. </span><b style="text-align: justify;">Arborophila rufogularis</b><span style="text-align: justify;"> (Blyth, 1849) Synonym: Arborophila intermedia Blyth, 1849 English name: Rufous-throated Partridge Bangla name: Lalgola Batai, Pahari Titir (Act) </span><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-style: normal; text-align: center;"> </span></em><br />
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<b>Description</b>: The Rufous-throated Partridge is a small terrestrial bird with a rufous-orange throat (length 27 cm, weight 355 g, wing 14 cm, bill 1.8 cm, tarsus 4 cm, tail 5.5 cm). Its male looks a little different from the female. It has golden olive-brown upperparts with black spots on the rump and uppertail-covert. Its forehead is grey and crown is olive-brown mottled with black. It has a greyish-white supercilium and white moustachial stripe. In the male the chin and throat are rufous, spotted with black and the fore-neck is rufous-orange. It has a slaty-grey breast and a narrow black band between the fore-neck and the breast. The female has fewer black spots on the chin and throat and more drops on the rest of its underparts. Both sexes have brown irises, red orbital and gular skin, blackish bill with red gape and red legs and horny claws. The juvenile has white spotted underparts and an unbarred mantle. Of the 6 known sub-species, A. r. intermedia occurs in Bangladesh. </div>
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<b>Habit</b>: It inhabits the dense undergrowths on the banks of streams in the evergreen forests. It is usually seen in pairs or scattered parties of 5-6. It forages by walking slowly and pecking on the ground and vegetations. It feeds on seeds, berries, shoots and invertebrates like insects and molluscs. Its usual call is a low whistling note. It sings at dawn and dusk during the breeding season. The song is a double whistle: wheea-whu. It breeds in April-August. It nests on the ground surrounded by dense vegetation. The nest is a natural hollow on the ground, lined with grasses and leaves. The female usually lays 3-6 white eggs, 3.9 x 2.9, cm each. The female alone incubates. Incubation takes 20-21 days. </div>
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<b>Distribution</b>: It is a rare resident of Bangladesh. It occurs in the evergreen forests of Sylhet Division. It also occured in Chittagong Division. Its global range extends through Asia, including India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos and Vietnam. </div>
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<b>Status</b>: It is not considered a globally threatened bird, however, considered a Data Deficient species in Bangladesh. It is protected by the Bangladesh Wildlife Preservation Act. </div>
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<b>Miscellaneous</b>: The scientific name Arborophila rufogularis means red-throated tree-loving partridge (Latin: arbor = tree; Greek: philos = loving; Latin: rufus = red, gula = throat): </div>
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<span style="color: yellow;">Encyclopedia of flora and fauna of Bangladesh -</span><b style="color: yellow; text-align: left;">BIRDS-</b><span style="color: yellow;">Volume 26- Page: 06-07.</span></div>
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Bangladesh Unlockedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00019018127951733557noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8555924036008734052.post-958874596720619322019-06-22T11:47:00.000+06:002019-06-22T11:47:44.074+06:00TANGENTS Avian Tourism<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: start;">Masked Finfoot, our avian treasure. Photo: Ihtisham kabir</span></div>
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Ihtisham Kabir</b><div>
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In recent years, while travelling abroad for bird photography, I have become an avian tourist. The idea is this. Suppose you are a devoted birder who wants to see the Yellow-headed Picathartes, a bizarre looking rare bird found in western Africa. You decide to fly to Ghana looking for it. But you will need a guide, someone who knows where to find the Picathartes. You will also need to rent a car, make bookings in hotels, etc. Before long you have planned an expedition and your friends join in.</div>
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Or, suppose you are a bird photographer, looking for lots of photogenic bird action in one place that you can approach and photograph. You decide to go to Australia, where there are many such places. This time you join a birding tour organized by a tour company which takes tourists to the right places so they can photograph to their hearts’ content.</div>
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These are examples of avian tourism, a service that provides guiding and logistics for global birdwatchers. Every year a large number of avian tourists travel all over the globe looking for birds. They are usually affluent folks willing to spend money to find what they are looking for.</div>
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Unfortunately Bangladesh rarely falls in their list of destinations. This is despite the fact that our avian bounty compares favourably countries that attract avian tourists.</div>
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Is avian tourism feasible here? Falling under two bird flyways, Bangladesh is extraordinarily rich in birdlife. The number of bird species seen here exceeds 700. This includes some rare and special birds that would be attractive to foreign birders, including Masked Finfoots, Pallas’s Fish Eagles, Black-capped Kingfishers, Brown-winged Kingfishers, Indian Skimmers, and Mangrove Pittas.</div>
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In addition, what appears commonplace to Bangladeshis may be exotic to foreign travellers. I have encountered foreign birders who were thrilled to see our <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Kalem</em> (Purple Swamphen) and <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Machranga</em> (Common Kingfisher) which are easily found here.</div>
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What are three or four places in Bangladesh suitable for the avian tourist?</div>
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First would be Sundarban. Inside this magnificent forest, it is possible to see exotic birds all year. Tourism in Sundarban has developed in recent years using launches where people sleep overnight, so why not use this?</div>
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Second would be the Haors – either Tanguar Haor, or Hail Haor/Baikka Beel. Hail Haor is about 3-3.5 hours from Dhaka. Tanguar is a longer travel distance but has many more birds in winter.</div>
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Third would be Satchori or another reserve forest. Shatchori is three hours drive from Dhaka and has, in recent years, become popular among our local bird photographers for its varied birds. Lawacherra is also in the same region and also offers the Hoolock Gibbon. For a more immersive experience tourists can try Rema Kalenga Wildlife Sanctuary, one of the few primary forests left in Bangladesh.</div>
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Fourth would be Rajshahi and chars of the Padma. In recent years they have yielded phenomenal birding.</div>
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Inside Dhaka, avian tourists could visit the National Botanical Garden and the adjacent Zoo as well as the fields of Purbachol. Between them, these sites can offer perhaps 200 bird species.</div>
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I would argue we have the basic birdlife necessary for avian tourism. However, providing a satisfactory tourism service has other requirements – such as English-speaking guides, minimum hassles, and a pleasant overall experience. If these can be ensured, Bangladesh can become a destination for avian tourism.</div>
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Bangladesh Unlockedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00019018127951733557noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8555924036008734052.post-1721014377842027392019-05-07T14:45:00.002+06:002019-08-31T11:57:30.241+06:00White-cheeked Partridge<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>007.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Arborophila atrogularis</b> (Blyth, 1849)
Synonym: Arboricola atrogularis Blyth, 1849 English name: <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">White-cheeked Partridge</b> Bangla name: Dholagal Batai.<o:p></o:p><br />
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Description:</b> The White-cheeked Partridge is a small terrestrial
bird with a distinct white cheek (length 28 cm, weight 255 g, wing 13.7 cm,
bill 2 cm, tarsus 4.3 cm, tail 6.2 cm). It has a grey forehead, olive-brown
crown and orange-yellow hind-neck. The rest of its upperpart is light brown
mottled or barred with black. It has a grey supercilium, black eye-stripe,
white cheek and rufous-buff ear-coverts. Its scapulars have black and rufous
bars. Its breast and flanks are grey with diffused black and white spots. It has
a whitish abdomen and rufescent undertail-coverts with black spots and white
edges. Its irises are brown or red-brown, orbital and gular skin is bright
pink. The male has a black bill and dull orange to bright orange-red legs and
feet. The female has a dark brown bill and dull wax-yellow legs and feet. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Habit:</b> It
inhabits the undergrowths and bamboo thickets of evergreen forests. It is
usually seen in small groups. It forages by walking on the ground and nibbling
the vegetation and pecking the ground. It feeds on seeds, berries, shoots,
insects and tiny molluscs. When disturbed it runs swiftly and hides under
leaves or bushes. It calls often at dusk. The usual call is a rolling whistling
note: whew, whew. Its song is a loud, double whistling note. It breeds in
March-April. It nests on the ground in scrub, grass or bamboos inside the
forests. The nest is a natural hollow on the ground lined with leaves and
grasses. The female usually lays 4-5 white eggs, 3.7 x 2.8 cm each. The female
alone incubates. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Distribution:</b> It
is a rare resident of Bangladesh. It occurs in the evergreen forests of Sylhet
Division. Previously, it also occurred in Chittagong Division. Its global range
extends through Asia, including India, China and Myanmar.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Status:</b> It is a globally Near Threatened
species. It is, however, considered a Data Deficient species in Bangladesh. It
is protected by the Bangladesh Wildlife Preservation Act. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Miscellaneous:</b>
The scientific name Arborophila atrogularis means a black-throated tree-loving
partridge (Latin: arbor = tree; Greek: philos = loving; Latin: ater = black,
gula = throat).<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: yellow;">Encyclopedia of flora and fauna of Bangladesh -</span><b style="color: yellow; text-align: left;">BIRDS-</b><span style="color: yellow;">Volume 26- Page: 06.</span></div>
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Bangladesh Unlockedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00019018127951733557noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8555924036008734052.post-19004940039113559372019-04-28T14:53:00.000+06:002019-04-28T15:05:38.426+06:00Remnants of a Buddhist civilisation in Nateshwar<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: "open sans" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal;">A bird’s-eye view of Nateshwar shows the archaeological site in its full glory, while a closer look at the ruins, below, reveal intricacies of the ancient stupas. Photo: Collected</span></em><br />
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">The recently excavated Nateshwar archaeological site bears witness to the Bengal region’s thousand-year-old history, with its pyramid-shaped stupas, wide walkways, mandaps and households. Ranging from biological remains of flora and fauna, to terracotta, metal and stone artefacts and unique architecture, the archaeological findings at Nateshwar paint the picture of an ancient civilisation that once dwelled in the country we now call home.</em></div>
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">After the remarkable feat of excavating the Wari-Bateshwar ruins, Dr Sufi Mustafizur Rahman, professor of archaeology at Jahangirnagar University, is the director of this project.</em></div>
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">“The archaeological site of Nateshwar in Bikrampur has the potential to become a centre of Buddhist culture in South Asia, and earn its place as a world heritage site. From last December to March, we have conducted archaeological survey and excavation, discovering pyramid-shaped structures, and other important artefacts,” said Dr Sufi in a press briefing at Nateshwar excavation site in Munshiganj’s Tongibari upazila recently.</em></div>
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">With support from the cultural affairs ministry and government’s archaeology division, this excavation and research project is being supervised by Bikrampur Foundation. The work began in 2010.</em></div>
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Dr Sufi mentioned, “In the years 2013-18, over 5,000 square metres of land was discovered. Last year, we excavated ancient residential structures in Ballalbari.” On the pyramid-like structure, Dr Sufi said, “This is a Buddhist stupa, akin to other stupas of this subcontinent such as Sanchi, Bharhut, Amaravati etc.”</em></div>
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">“Preliminary excavation was done in nine sites in the years 2010-13. We discovered six rooms where monks once lived, one mandap (worship pavilion), and pentagonal stupa in Rampal union. In 2013 at Nateshwar’s Deul area, we found a Buddhist temple, octagonal stupas, brick walkway and drains,” he added.</em></div>
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Keeping in mind the huge scale and scope of the preservation work, Bikrampur Foundation partnered up with the Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology in China’s Hunan province. “Through carbon dating, we have determined two timelines for the Buddhist residences – 780-950 AD for the first period and 950-1223 AD for the second,” said Dr Sufi.</em></div>
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">There is a temple made of brick, three octagonal stupas with mandap, 51-metre long brick roads, multiple rooms and hall rooms, and entryway. Before the rainy season hits in full swing, the archaeological sites will be specially protected to prevent water from getting in, said Dr Sufi. He also announced the end of this phase of the excavation for the year.</em></div>
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">State Minister for Cultural Affairs, KM Khalid said at the briefing, “These archaeological treasures must be preserved. Detailed research efforts will reveal the correct history of this site to enrich Bengali culture.”</em></div>
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Abdul Gani, a local teacher who visited the site, said, “This discovery has the potential to change the face of this area. These valuable artefacts must be protected at any cost.”</em></div>
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<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">12:00 AM, April 25, 2019 / LAST MODIFIED: 02:35 AM, April 25, 2019</em></div>
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Bangladesh Unlockedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00019018127951733557noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8555924036008734052.post-80135494170734729762019-04-21T15:21:00.003+06:002019-04-21T15:35:51.062+06:00Growth and Development of BANGLADESH, 2019<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b>Mr.Guy Meldrum, Regional Director of Asia-Pacific and Middle East, British American Tobacco PLC recently visited Bangladesh. In an interview with of The Daily Star he said</b><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">" I am firmly of the opinion
that Bangladesh is a country with tremendous potential and will go a long way
into becoming a powerhouse in the global stage. *******I see a lot of young
minds of this country developing and possessing the right skills needed for the
future. Hence, the constant economic growth and the government's can-do attitude
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>to cultivate a better nation, is paving
the way towards an optimistic path ahead for this nation******”."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">"The constant 6%+ economic
growth rate for the past few years reflects the country's energy, persistence
& agility. Bangladesh has been acknowledged <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">as the 9th fastest growing country</b> by the World Economic Forum and
its progress is truly remarkable. The huge investments that are already
underway are testaments that Bangladesh is on the right track. With the
government also maintaining a positive mindset towards private &
international businesses, I believe exciting times lie ahead for the private
sector being a part of this dynamic country."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Bangladesh Unlockedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00019018127951733557noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8555924036008734052.post-21334236923166331272019-04-21T12:47:00.002+06:002019-04-21T12:51:22.069+06:00Rabindra University archaeologists claim to have found ‘King Virat Palace’ in Sirajganj<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b>Virat Raja used to live in the palace around 2,500 years ago according to historical claims</b></div>
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A group of archaeologists from Rabindra University in Sirajganj claims to have found the remains of “King Virat Palace,” locally known as “Vitar Rajar Rajmahal,” and his temple at Khirtala village in Raiganj upazila of the district.</div>
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According to Mahabharata, one of the two major Sanskrit epics of the ancient Indian Subcontinent, Raja Virat used to live in the palace around 2,500 years ago. </div>
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A group of teachers and students of the university visited the place on Wednesday to do a theoretical survey, said Rifat Ur Rahman, a teacher of cultural heritage and Bangladesh studies department of the university.</div>
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He, along with one of his colleagues, Farhana Yasmin, at a press briefing revealed details about their initial findings.</div>
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The teacher said: “Khirtala village was a prosperous city around 800 to 1000 AD. There are at least 50 small hillocks in the village and its surrounding areas. The remnants of a temple built with ancient bricks remain here. Locals call it ‘Virat Rajar Mandir’ (temple of King Virat). Fragments of ancient brick remains are still visible here. A lot of pottery shards are also found in the farmlands here.”</div>
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Moreover, it can easily be said that the terracotta figurines found in the village are from the Gupta Dynasty, said Farhana Yasmin, adding: “Locals also found coins of the dynasty here. From this finding, it is assumed that this place was a prosperous township in Gupta or Pala period. The ruins of temples and the palace are hidden beneath the ground here.”</div>
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They also informed that Bangladesh District Gazetteer Pabna, published in 1990, also mentioned that the most ancient and prosperous township of that time was buried under the soil of this area. </div>
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It is also mentioned in the gazetteer that the city of the great king was also described in the “Mahabharata”. </div>
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There is still a chance of doing theoretical research in nearby areas, they said, adding that several pieces of pottery and brick samples have been collected during their initial survey.</div>
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When contacted, Assistant Director Mujibur Rahman of Department of Archaeology (Bogra and Rajshahi zone), said: “We have visited Khirtala village. There are several ancient trace marks here. But those were not properly tested. The time (period) can only be determined by digging properly and using chemical tests.”</div>
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Virat Raja in the Hindu epic “Mahabharata” was a Matsya king who ruled Virata Kingdom and in whose court the Pandavas (Panchapandav) spent a year in hiding during their exile.<br />
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Articles by: <span style="color: cyan;">Aminul Islam Khan Rana, Sirajganj <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif, "Siyam Rupali"; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-align: left;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #323232; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif, "Siyam Rupali"; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #323232; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif, "Siyam Rupali"; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-align: left;">Published at 01:07 am April 11th, 2019</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.dhakatribune.com/opinion/heritage/2019/04/11/rabindra-university-archaeologists-claim-to-have-found-king-virat-palace-in-sirajganj" style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: yellow;">Source link</span></a></div>
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Bangladesh Unlockedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00019018127951733557noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8555924036008734052.post-37375006201747433652019-04-18T13:24:00.004+06:002019-04-18T13:31:59.718+06:00Bibi Chini historical Shahi Mosque<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Bibi Chini historic Shahi Masjid located in Sadar Upazila of Barguna district in betagi about 10 km away from the mosque is located bibichini Union. About 5 feet high mosques House. 3 is buried next to the mosque. The exception is heterogeneous.</div>
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Although the common grave of a long buried 3 15/16 hands. According to the founder of the whole person eventually goes to sleep lying down in the mosque of Hazrat Shah Blessings ullah (A :) and her daughter cinibibi and isabibi. The more, the reign of Emperor Aorangajeb 1700 AD Hazrat Shah Nayamat ullah(R :) died the mosque beside him, and is buried.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQlULCA4Cqm_LbqasUXV7gPUj9GVHMNRXqhKq2ndeEAxUGkms_j74zB0YaJwkWpZmgVe9nicVRJPGgivu5ADe6j8wV6vhp6wbkJEREaw4AK3Fyq0RTbAbdllKssTHLZl6byM27oSLCtnrH/s1600/Shahi+Mosque+2.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQlULCA4Cqm_LbqasUXV7gPUj9GVHMNRXqhKq2ndeEAxUGkms_j74zB0YaJwkWpZmgVe9nicVRJPGgivu5ADe6j8wV6vhp6wbkJEREaw4AK3Fyq0RTbAbdllKssTHLZl6byM27oSLCtnrH/s200/Shahi+Mosque+2.jpg" /></a>Bibi Chini Shahi Mosque, is one of the historical places in our country. In 1659, A Muslim saint named Hazrat Shah Neyamat Ullah (Rah.) came here from Persia for Perching Islam in this region. The village and the mosque named after the name of his daughter 'Hayache Bibi Chini'. The mosque is 33 ft long, 33 ft width and the wall of the mosque are 6 ft wide.</div>
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Three graves are located beside the mosque which is completely exclusion. Those graves are 40-45 ft. long. According to the local people, those graves are Hazrat Shah Naimat Ullah and his two daughters Chini Bibi and Isa Bibi. In 1700, this great Muslim Saint Hazrat Shah Neyamat Ullah (Rah.) was died and buried him beside the mosque.</div>
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<a href="https://dailyasianage.com/news/173043/bibi-chini-historical-shahi-mosque">Source Link</a><br />
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Published: 12:01 AM, 13 April 2019<br />
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Bangladesh Unlockedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00019018127951733557noreply@blogger.com34tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8555924036008734052.post-183852596651069662019-04-13T11:32:00.000+06:002019-04-18T13:31:29.345+06:00Grey Francolin<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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003. Francolinus pondicerianus(Gmelin,1789)Synonym :Tetrao pondicerianus Gmelin, 1789<br />
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<b>English name:</b> Grey Francolin (Grey Partridge,Indian Grey Partridge)<br />
<b>Bangla name:</b> Metey Titir<br />
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<b>Description:</b><br />
The Grey Francolin is a grey,ground-dwelling bird with round body,short legsand stub-tail(length 33 cm,weight 275 g,wing14.6 cm,bill 2.5 cm,tarsus 4 cm,tail 8.5 cm).Ithas buff,chestnut,grey-brown and dark brownbarring on its upperpart and fine blackish-brownbarring on the underparts,except for the creamy-white throat with thin black georgette.Its face is dull orange with a prominent black eye-stripe.Ithas creamy vent and chestnut edge to the outer tailfeathers, visible in flight. Its irises are hazel-brown. It has a silver bill with darker lowermandible and dull red legs and feet. The male andthe female look alike.Of the 3 known sub-species,F.p.interpositus occured in Bangladesh.<br />
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<b>Habit :</b><br />
It inhabits the dry grasslands. scrubs. farmlands and sand dunes. It is usually seen in pairs or family parties of 4-8 birds. It forages by digging and scratching the ground with its bill anel feet.<br />
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<span style="color: yellow;">Encyclopedia of flora and fauna of Bangladesh -</span><b style="color: yellow; text-align: left;">BIRDS-</b><span style="color: yellow;">Volume 26- Page: 02-03.</span></div>
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Bangladesh Unlockedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00019018127951733557noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8555924036008734052.post-36141841991901797482019-04-08T15:57:00.003+06:002019-04-08T16:00:40.545+06:00Crocodile skeleton found in ancient pond<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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The ncient pond in Bagerhat's Morrelganj upazila where partial skeleton of a crocodile head.</div>
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<span style="text-align: left;"><b>Our Correspondent, Bagerhat</b></span></div>
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Partial skeleton of a crocodile's head was found 14 feet below ground level in Morrelganj upazila of Bagerhat yesterday.</div>
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Workers found the skeleton while excavating an ancient pond named Dibraj Dighi in Panchakaron village of the upazila.</div>
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According to locals, the dighi (large pond) is one of the around 360 such ponds built in Bagerhat during the reign of Muslim ruler and preacher Khan Jahan Ali, who was known to have released crocodiles in the ponds.</div>
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The skeleton unearthed yesterday might be of a crocodile from that period, they also said. </div>
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Confirming the unearthing of the skeleton by workers, Panchakaron Union Parishad Chairman Abdur Razzak said it was handed over to the upazila nirbahi officer (UNO), who will send it to archaeology department.</div>
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<span style="font-family: "open sans" , sans-serif; font-size: 11px;">12:00 AM, April 08, 2019 / LAST MODIFIED: 12:27 AM, April 08, 2019</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "open sans" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.thedailystar.net/country/news/crocodile-skeleton-found-ancient-pond-1726477"><b>Link</b></a></span></div>
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Bangladesh Unlockedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00019018127951733557noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8555924036008734052.post-34422569618088181572019-04-06T11:03:00.004+06:002019-04-06T11:08:57.998+06:00The Joy of Cropping<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "droid serif" , serif; font-size: 16px;">Many years ago I took a photography class with the great fine-art photographer Michael Kenna, whose exquisite black-and-white photographs of landscapes, especially at night, are still considered classics. Every week, before class started, the students would hang their photographs (or “work” as we called them) on the wall. Kenna walked into class holding two L-shaped pieces of cardboard and immediately went to work on the photographs. He used the L's to crop each photograph in a variety of ways until he coaxed a much stronger image from the photograph.</span></div>
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Cropping, the removal of unwanted areas of an image, is probably the most basic photographic manipulation. In film days it was done in the darkroom or even by trimming the photograph itself. Today it is a basic function of photo-editing software.</div>
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I must admit, though, I took Kenna's cropping lessons with a pinch of salt. That's because I was grounded in traditional photographic discipline which strongly discouraged cropping. Following the French great Henri Cartier-Bresson, many black-and-white photographers eschewed cropping. To prove this they printed their negatives to include a thin edge around the image corresponding to negative rebate. So their photographic prints contained a thin black border around the image. If you look carefully at any of Cartier-Bresson's images, you will see black borders, proving it was an uncropped image.</div>
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I should explain the reason for this belief. Photographers strongly felt that the image should be “composed” or arranged within the viewfinder. When taking the picture, if you thought “Oh, I can fix that photo later with cropping,” you would not strive for the strongest possible image and become a lazy photographer.</div>
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I certainly believe this for most types of photographic subjects, such as people, landscapes, buildings, streets, etc and try to compose in the viewfinder without having to resort to cropping.</div>
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But since I started photographing birds and wildlife, I have come to embrace cropping as a creative tool. A bird or an animal is usually a small part of the entire frame because it is far away. Presenting this picture to the viewer without cropping is of little value. Cropping the picture magnifies the subject and brings it to the centre of attention. Unlike the limited freedom of cropping in the film darkroom, the vast megapixels of the digital camera allow me great flexibility in cropping.</div>
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Good cropping is very much an intuitive exercise. The photographer must have a sense of the geometry of the image; the crop should reinforce this geometry and not fight it. Many photographs have a direction associated with them and the crop must respect that. It goes without saying that the crop should not remove important parts of an image, such as a person's legs or a bird's tail.</div>
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An example of good and bad cropping is shown above. The original image is shown on top. In the crop on the left side, the tail is cut off and the bird's head, facing left, needs more space for the eyes to “look into.” A better crop on the right solves both issues.</div>
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So give creative cropping a try. Look at the proportion and overall balance of the image. Avoid placing the subject in the middle of the frame to avoid monotony. With practice, cropping will become another creative tool in your photographer's toolbox.</div>
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<span style="font-family: "open sans" , sans-serif; font-size: 11px;">12:00 AM, September 09, 2017 / LAST MODIFIED: 01:57 AM, September 09, 2017</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "open sans" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.thedailystar.net/city/the-joy-cropping-1459489" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">Link</span></a></span><br />
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Uncropped photo and two ways to crop. Photo: Ihtisham Kabir<br />
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Ihtisham Kabir<br />
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Bangladesh Unlockedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00019018127951733557noreply@blogger.com2